Disability Leave - 4401 Words

Disability Leave Disability leave is time off from work for a reason related to someone’s disability. It is a type of ‘reasonable adjustment’ which disabled workers are entitled under the Equality Act 2010. This factsheet tells you why disability leave is important to your branch; how to organise around it; and how to negotiate a good disability leave agreement. Disability issues have been on branch agendas for some time and employers may welcome an approach from UNISON representatives to jointly agree policies for disabled workers. The second half of this factsheet is a briefing on disability leave which you can share with your employer. A) What has disability leave got to do with my branch? One person in five of†¦show more content†¦If you do not already have a good disability policy, this may be an important opportunity to request disability awareness training for managers and union reps. Even disabled members may not be aware that they qualify for protection under the Equality Act 2010, or that they are ‘disabled’ according to the Act’s definition of a disabled person. Knowledge can be power, so publicise disabled people’s rights. But remember that the most important thing is to use the process to develop activists and your organisation, recruit new members and promote UNISON. Then the branch will be in a stronger state for its next campaign. D) Organisers and Negotiators Checklist 1. Set up a Working Group 2. Confidentially map or survey your disabled members 3. Consult with UNISON members, UNISON bodies and external organisations 4. Make your claim, using the business case 5. Agree a disability leave policy, or a wider disability policy 6. Agree a time-scale for implementation 7. Publicise the result and recruit non-members 8. Tell your UNISON regional disabled members’ group and send a copy to UNISON’s Bargaining Support Group at bsg@unison.co.uk. 9. Encourage new activists to become reps and/or join the branch committee 10. Ensure the working group monitors the policy E) Key Negotiating Points The modelShow MoreRelatedSharks Request For Disability Leave1159 Words   |  5 Pagesto required treatment(s) and recovery plan(s) Ms. Shark applied for disability accommodation leave. Starbucks granted Ms. Shark’s request for disability leave, to be applicable from March 24, 2014 through March 3, 2015. On March 9, 2015, Ms. Shark returned from disability leave. When Ms. Shark returned to work, Starbucks was well aware of her ongoing disability, the limitations caused by her disability and the need for disability accommodation. At the onset of Ms. Shark’s reintegration into theRead MoreThe Americans with Disabilities Act and the Family and Medical Leave Act619 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA) took effect in 1990 under the auspices of president George Herbert Walker Bush. This act serves as an extension of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in a sense, in that it ensures that those with disabilities could not be discriminated against in much the same way that people could not be discriminated against on the grounds of sex, race, religion, and other factors denoted in the former act. A key component of this act is the fact that disabilities included thoseRead MoreWere You Fired Due To Your Pregnancy Essay813 Words   |  4 Pagesconditions. This means that you may not be treated unfavorably due to your pregnancy, childbirth or a medical condition resulting from the pregnancy or childbirth. Although pregnancy is not considered a disability that would require employer accommodati on under the Americans with Disabilities Act (â€Å"ADA†), it may still be protected if it impairs the employee’s ability to perform the job. Thus, such an employee must be accommodated. PDA’s prohibition of discrimination extends to many areas of employmentRead MoreComplaint Of Compensation Of The Family And Medical Leave Act Of 1993 Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesFMLA leave. Prior to his return, employee A spoke to the new manager of his department and submitted a request to return to work from his FMLA leave and for payment of unpaid wages accrued during his leave. The employee’s manager has returned him to his previous work status and rate of pay, but has denied his request for monies â€Å"earned† during his leave. Employee A feels he is owed wages for the time he was off from work. Review of FMLA: A major provision of the Family and Medical Leave Act ofRead MoreEssay about Legal Aspects of Fire Protection1170 Words   |  5 Pagesservice, is the issue of employee medical leave. Medical leave is regulated by federal and in some cases state laws, which provide a predetermined amount of leave to an employee for a medical condition and/or to provide care for a relative. Without medical leave regulations, an employee that is sick or injured has no protections under the law and may be terminated if he or she becomes sick or injured and can no longer perform his or her job. With medical leave an employee is allowed time away from workRead MoreBenefits Of Paid Maternity Leave Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesMaternity Leave Two unlikely countries have one unlikely thing in common. The United States of America and Papua New Guinea are the only two countries worldwide that do not have paid maternity leave. The United States’ effort to pass paid maternity leave goes back to the 1920s. In the years since, most other countries have guaranteed a salary for mothers taking time off, and some even cover father’s paternity leaves. Through countries with paid leave, we have learned the many ways paid leave helpsRead MoreFmla Case Study1068 Words   |  5 Pagesreasons an employee might need leave to accommodate family needs, such as an employee’s or their child’s recovery from a non-serious illness, or help for extended-family members such as siblings or grandparents (Chen, 2016). While the FMLA supports connections between parents and children, it does not support relationships among extended family members. Families who maintain close ties with their extended family and want to care for each other are not able to take family leave under this legislation. WithRead MoreWhat Is Equality And Discrimination2121 Words   |  9 Pagesmentioned above. Bullying, harassment or victimization is also considered as equality and diversity issues. What is diversity? Diversity is the range of different things. Such as race, age, gender, religious views, sexual orientation, community, and disability. Karen Madcap Karen has worked in Sligo Accountants Limited in a general clerical capacity for many years. As indicated by you she has been under preforming and you are considering deducting her wages as a penalty for her latest poor performanceRead More Employee Benefits Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesan employee would have to call out for, thus notifying their manager that they will not make it to work for that day. Sick time consists of one week or forty hours and can be scattered through out the year. (Bohlander 479) FMLA or Family Medical Leave of Absence is considered an excused absence in the event there is an illness in the family or a health condition with ones self, and the birth of a child. FMLA is something that is doctor approved and an employee obtains a certain amount of hours toRead MoreWorkplace, Childcare And Early Childhood Education Essay2553 Words   |  11 Pagesafter breastfeeding to ensure they are able to maintain breastfeeding for the recommended duration (Abdulwadud S now, 2012). A study by Galtry found that countries that have established initiatives for paid maternity/parental leave, have longer maternity/parental leave entitlements, have introduced breastfeeding breaks in all workplaces, and have developed policies that require employers to support breastfeeding, have higher exclusive breastfeeding rates than other countries (Galtry, 2003). The

American Disabilities Act - 2342 Words

In nineteen ninety Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act. This act was established in order to eliminate discrimination of people with disabilities and to break down barriers in society that limits the freedom a disabled person. According to Section 2 Subsection A part one, some 43,000,000 Americans have one or more physical or mental disabilities, and this number is increasing as the population as a whole is growing older. As the number suggests there are a lot of people that would be classified as disabled making this act very important. This paper will look at the Americans with Disabilities Act as how it pertains to helping people with disabilities based on who is covered, what are their rights, and what legal actions†¦show more content†¦To file a complaint under Title I of the ADA the person bring the complaint must contact the EEOC. It has to be filed within one hundred and eighty days of the act of discrimination. It will be handled in the same manner a s charges filed under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. If the plaintiff wins they are entitled to any economic loss because of the discrimination, attorney fees, then have reasonable accommodations put in place, and punitive damages. Title II deals with public entities and transportation which includes state and local governments. This includes all activities offered by the state and local government such as town meetings, courts, and motor vehicle licensing. Under the ADA state and local government must follow the following rules: 1. They cannot deny a disabled person from participating in a service, program, or activity. 2. They must provide equal opportunity for those disabled to be involved in an activity or program. 3. They have to eliminate rules or standard that may unintentionally discriminate against those with disabilities unless it is based on safety. 4. They are required to make reasonable modifications in policies, practices, and procedures that deny equal a ccess to individuals with disabilities, unless fundamental alterations to the program would result. 5. They must provide auxiliary aids and servicesShow MoreRelatedThe Americans With Disabilities Act1277 Words   |  6 Pageshaving a disability was seen as a physical imperfection. People with disabilities were treated as moral and social subordinates. We were trained that if a person had a disability they were not able to perform a task with the same ability as a normal person. They have been denied jobs for which they are highly qualified because they have been considered incompetent, or because employers were not comfortable with their presence in the workplace. Occasionally people with certain disabilities have beenRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act Essay964 Words   |  4 Pages All Americans deserve the right to receive the best medical treatment available, that includes those with disabilities. So what is ADA? What makes it so essential? ADA may seem like just a co uple letters from the alphabet, although to a person that has a disability it means a whole lot more. ADA stands for Americans with Disabilities Act. The Americans with Disabilities Act is extremely vital in the medical field. Not only is it the law to ensure that there is appropriate access to those with disabilitiesRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act931 Words   |  4 Pageslaw in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been a challenge for employers to implement. This law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in both public and public businesses. There were numerous lawsuits where disabled employees have charged that employers have failed to accommodate his or her needs in the workplace. However, Supreme Court decisions interpreted the act in a way that made it difficult to prove that an impairment was a disability thereby ruling inRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act971 Words   |  4 Pages The American with Disabilities Act was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H.W. Bush. (Mayerson, 1992). According to Hallahan, Kauffman, Pullen (2015, P, 14) â€Å" the ADA provides protection of the civil rights in the specific areas of employment, transportation, public, accommodation, State and local government, and telecommunication. According to Mayerson (1992, P1) â€Å"the ADA did not began at the signing ceremony at the White House, but it began in the communities, when parentsRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1577 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act I Introduction The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is federal legislation designed to prevent discrimination against disabled people. It applies to all disabled persons, no matter the nature of their disability. This paper examines the ADA and discusses some of the ramifications of the legislation. II Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act (hereafter ADA) was enacted in 1990, and its purpose is stated thusly: â€Å"The Americans withRead MoreAmericans with Disabilities Act779 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans With Disabilities Act Website 1 http://www.cato.org Sponsoring Agency: The CATO Institute Content and Website Layout: The CATO Institute has afforded the public with myriad resources, regarding disabilities, education, child policy, welfare, government and politics. This website is fraught with publications, informative videos and commentary. Summary of Contributions: In essence, the CATO Institute has invariably aided the public, including segments of the population who have sufferedRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1779 Words   |  8 PagesEverest. For many disabled Americans, Zack’s experience was an all too common daily occurrence until the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. Before the act was passed, disabled individuals struggled to get around and do everyday activities, such as going to church, going out to eat, and getting to class on time, which were simple for other Americans. When the Americans with Disabilities Act became a law in 1990, it enabled the disabled to take part in the American Dream. The ADA not only ensuresRead MoreAmericans with Disability Act926 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act was established to restrain illegal discrimination in employment against individuals qualified to be disabled. The purpose of the law was to generally end discrimination in the place of work and to deliver equal employment chances for individuals living with disabilities or have had histories of disabilities. The act defends employees that experience physical or mental deficiency that greatly limits a key life activity. In addition to that, it protects the rights ofRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act1885 Words   |  8 Pagestimes a few children were born with disabilities, it was very hard for them to survive due to lack of resources and accommodations; in some countries they were even killed at birth. Over time the governments realize d that there was a problem for children and adults and disabilities that needed to be solved. The American government came up with the ADA also known as the American with Disabilities Act, a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against disability, it was signed in July of 1990 andRead MoreThe Disabilities Of The Americans With Disabilities Act1551 Words   |  7 Pageswith a disability (US Census Bureau, 2015). There are 6.4 million children between the ages of 3 to 21 that are receiving special education services (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). In Georgia, 23.4% of the population are people under the age of 21 living with a disability (Erickson Schrader, 2014). Bulloch County has a population of 71,214 and of the entire population, 16% of them are living with a disability (Cornell, 2012). By the standards of the Americans with Disabilities

Planning and Enabling Learning Free Essays

string(26) " of initial assessment e\." Introduction For this essay I will research the following areas: negotiating with learners, functional skills, inclusive learning and communication. I will look at how and why each of these areas are important to teaching and how I can gain a better understanding of them in order to enable my learners to learn. Rationale Negotiating with learners When considering the area negotiating with learner’s research identifies that a focus on initial assessment of learners and agreeing goals is important. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning and Enabling Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is necessary to know why we negotiate with learners, how we do it and the barriers involved. Lesley Thom (2001) explored the reasons why learners need to feel involved in order to progress their learning. I intend to analyse the role of initial assessment and planning and negotiating learning goals. Within my own area ground rules are established so learners know what is expected of them. When learners do not follow these rules negotiation must take place. ‘Rules and models destroy genius and art’ (Hazlitt, cited in Wallace, 2007, p. 42). Hazlitt suggested that enthusiasm, creativity and initiative will not easily flourish in a situation where too many externally imposed rules allow only one pre-specified way of doing things’ My learners have emotional and behavioural difficulties and always need to be given other options. They need to feel they have some power of the outcome of the situation. This then enables them to become motivated. Initial assessment within my area is important as we have learners at a range of levels come to us at different ages, often with little schooling. Initial assessment allows us to pitch work at the right level. If we were to get this wrong it could have serious repercussions to that learner, they may feel unmotivated, insecure and they will not want to engage in the learning environment. Inclusive Learning The Open University defines inclusive learning as: recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all your students (open-university online). I interpret this to mean that each learner is individual and as individuals each learner has individual needs. It is up to the teacher to accommodate these needs. Inclusive learning means that individual learners are not merely grouped together but taught with their individual needs in mind. Learners need to be actively included and fully engaged’ (Tomlinson 1996). I will look at the stages of the learning cycle and how this applies to inclusive learning. I will also look at session planning – (Bloom 1956), mastery of subjects and the promotion of higher forms of thinking rather than on an approach which simply transfers facts. I will look at teaching methods (VARK) and resources for those with learning disabilities as I feel I can relate this to my own area. Many learners I teach have an entitlement statement which shows individual needs. This is something which is closely used along side how we differentiate. This is one thing that will depend on how I session plan, the teaching methods I will use and what resources I will use during the session. Functional Skills Functional skills are qualifications in English, Maths and ICT. Edexcel defines functional skills as ‘qualifications designed to help build practical skills for work, education and everyday life’ – (edexcel). This is very important for learners because it has been observed by the government that when it comes to employment employees have not obtained the right level of literacy, numeracy and ICT. By embedding functional skills it allows learners to have a good level of competence in each of the core subjects. Learners will then feel like they have achieved. This achievement can then continue into employment because they will be ready for the workplace. This will also benefit individual business and the economy. Within my area functional skills are used for learners who are at a lower level. By embedding functional skills we are applying everyday skills to learning. Learners are curious and have a more enthusiastic approach to learning. Communication Communication covers a wide range of topics and there are a number of theories about how we communicate. We communicate verbally and non-verbally. Most of our communication is through our body language. On a face to face basis words account for 7% of the overall message, tone of voice accounts for 38% and body language accounts for 55% – (Mehrabien,1971 online). In order for learners to understand what it is that is expected of them they need to fully understand what is being communicated to them. Communication must be effective between sender and receiver. There are different factors which can prevent effective communication e. . noise (Shannon and Weaver 1949). Teachers need to take into consideration any barriers there could be to communication e. g. learning difficulties, outside factors that are unknown to the teacher and a lack of NVC. I will look at the types of verbal and non-verbal communication and motivation of learners I will look at the hierarchy of needs, (Maslow 1954). I will look at how I use verbal and NVC within my sessions and identify ways in which these can be improved. Methodology My essay will consist of research on: negotiating with learners, communication, functional skills and inclusive learning. I will look at a variety of opinions and sources. Approach To gather information I will use the internet, relevant academic text books, and notes from the sessions I have attended. I will also use information presented by my peers in the form of presentations covering the topics I will research. Precis Negotiating with learners Initial assessment of learner’s knowledge, learning styles and skills must take place in order to establish levels of learning. It may also be to group learners correctly and to make you aware of what will motivate your learners to identify targets. Learners should be thoroughly involved in the assessment process. ‘Assessment should not be something that is done to somebody. The learner must feel involved and feel part of the process’ (Thom, 2001, P. 16). There are many different methods of initial assessment e. You read "Planning and Enabling Learning" in category "Essay examples" g. a range of tests, questionnaires, self and peer evaluation, group and paired work, presentations and question and answer sessions. In my own area I use a lot of practical demonstrations but I find this hard to use as an initial assessment. A lot of the learners I work with get quite nervous about tests so I give them quizzes instead. The quiz still reflects their knowledge and gives me a good idea of where to start with them. Students also carry out a GOAL Online and VARK test to establish learning styles. I think the VARK test is a very useful tool but I also think that as teachers we should be incorporating all learning styles into our lessons. Planning and Negotiating Learning Goals Learning goals are subject specific and will set out achievable targets for the learner. These targets should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely) so learners are clear. Mager (1984) stated that ‘If you don’t know where you are going, it is difficult to select a suitable means for getting there’. Learners need to know what they are going to learn. There needs to be a finish line for them to work towards. Goals can be short term, long term and immediate. Short term goals are specific and I often use these on a termly basis e. g. by then end of term you will be able to identify 3 ways in which someone could receive an electric shock. When a learner has achieved this over a short period of time it will motivate them towards their end goal which encompasses the whole course e. . by the end of the 16 week course you will hold a level 3 Young First Aider qualification. For my learners I need to constantly remind them of the overall goal. It is important for learners to be involved in setting their own targets. Learners may want to negotiate their learning goals and they should be encouraged to do so. Department for Education and Skills (DfES), (2004) states ‘The learner is at the heart of the process’ I think this is in reference to the learning cycle where the learner is at the centre. Learning goals must be agreed with the learner. For my learners once a target has been met there is a reward in place. Negotiating allows for reflection to take place and establishes boundaries. Learners will become more independent. Once goals have been set they should be recorded in an Individual Learning Plan (ILP). †¢ Learners should be encouraged to discuss their individual needs. †¢ Targets should be written and verbalised. †¢ Regular tutorial sessions should take place. †¢ Relevant functional skills should be embedded. †¢ Initial assessment results should be recorded. For me regular tutorial sessions are vital. Learners want to know what progress they have made; it gives them opportunity for discussion, negotiating and target setting. Inclusive Learning When researching inclusive learning I first looked at how my session plans can be adapted for the individual needs of my learners. For my teaching to be effective the following stages of the learning cycle should be taken into consideration. Kolb (1984) I produce a scheme of work and lesson plans each term. Firstly I take into consideration: †¢ Aims/ Objectives of the course specific to individuals. †¢ What it is I will be teaching and making it relevant for my learners. Embedding relevant functional skills. †¢ Need for support. A lot of my learners have emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD). They often have conditions such as Dyslexia and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). I aim to know my learners very well. Within my session plans as part of my differentiation is to know which learners will need extra s upport, a variety of activities, use of VARK learning styles and to have a behavioural management plan in place. When session planning it is important to take into consideration learners knowledge. Blooms Taxonomy (1956) model shows us through 6 stages that in order to have effective learning and reach the last stage you must first have knowledge. For effective learning to have taken place learners must go through each stage. (Appendix 1). Session plans must incorporate a range of resources; these can be seen in (Appendix 2). Not all resources are inclusive. The report Exclusion to Inclusion from the Disability Rights Task Force (1999) states that ‘disabled people are twice as likely as non-disabled people to be un-employed and to have no formal qualifications’. As a teacher you need to make sure the resources you use are inclusive to all learners. When considering what resources to use I think it helps to know my own learning styles and that of my learners. Laird (1985) suggests that learning occurs when the senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste are stimulated. Within First Aid I: †¢ Use case studies, this can make the topics more realistic and applicable to everyday situations but it must have clear outcomes and roles must be defined. †¢ Use practical demonstrations. I find this increases learner participation and they engage better but equipment is expensive e. g. CPR doll, this is not always available. When carrying out CPR demonstrations I would have to adapt this for a learner with disabilities. I could possibly incorporate different levelled surfaces. †¢ Use games. This is a fun way to learn, it enables problem solving and decision making and it puts theory into practice but it needs to be well prepared and learners sometimes try to break the rules. These activities tend to be more for my kinaesthetic learners. I also do use worksheets for lower level students and I can easily adapt these to suit high level learners but I do find my learners who have ADHD or dyslexia taken an immediate dislike to them. Worksheets can become boring. This is more of a visual resource. I have started to use more ICT within my lessons and I try to use our interactive whiteboards when possible. This is good for presentations and it provides a focus for the group but it’s not always inclusive as not all learners can use it. This is a very visual resource and it can provide auditory activities such as video clips. By using a range of resources it promoted equality, supports diversity as we are catering to individuals and it contributes to effective learning. Learners entitlement statement is also taken into consideration as is their ILP and IEP’s (Individual Education Plan) and IBP’s (Individual Behavioural Plan). Integrating Functional Skills Within my area of First Aid I aim to embed as many functional skills as I can. I feel I am able to embed literacy and ICT successfully but I find it very hard to embed numeracy. I feel it is important to demonstrate my own competence in the minimum core in order to develop them in my learners. Edexcel, (Online) states that functional skills are qualifications that equip learners with the basic practical skills required in everyday life, education and the workplace. In order for learners to go into employment successfully functional skills should be embedded. The Tomlinson Report (2004) looked at reforming the 14-19 curriculum and qualifications. Tomlinson looked at ‘getting the basics right and developing the generic knowledge, skills and attributes necessary for the participation in higher education, working life and the community. The report also incorporates ‘common knowledge, skills and attributes (CKSA) – (Appendix 3). Within my own are I incorporate literacy by ensuring my learners use grammar and punctuation correctly. My learners are given worksheets to complete and they make notes. Learners are given information and have to spell key words. To incorporate ICT learners have access to computers and laptops and they can research topics, construct PowerPoint presentations, create posters and leaflets and they sometimes have access to the interactive whiteboard. Learners will also use word to type up notes and keep a glossary of terms. By embedding these functional skills into lessons it enables learners to apply their knowledge to everyday situations. Learners are learning skills for the workplace and higher education opportunities. Communication There are many forms of communication e. g. verbal and non verbal communication (NVC). Examples of verbal communication: †¢ Speaking †¢ Interpersonal †¢ Television †¢ Radio Examples of NVC: †¢ Sounds †¢ Facial Expression †¢ Appearance †¢ Posture For my research I have evaluated my own communication skills and ways in which these could be improved. (See Appendix 4). When it comes to communicating effectively with learners there are often barriers that you have to overcome. The Shannon and Weaver (1949) model (shown below) shows that in order to communicate effectively a message must be sent, encoded and then decoded by the received. For this to happen there must be no barriers, if there are barriers then the message may be misinterpreted. This model gives the example of noise as a potential barrier to communication. [pic] The Shannon-Weaver model also proposes that you can have physical, psychological and semantic barriers. Examples of barriers would be: †¢ Poor body language. †¢ Speaking to quickly or slowly. †¢ Giving too much written or verbal information. †¢ Little of no eye contact. †¢ Behaviour. †¢ Appearing disinterested. Maslow’s (1954) Hierarchy of Needs looks at the basic needs e. g. physiological, safety, love, esteem and self actualisation. Maslow suggests that these needs must be met in order to progress. For some of my learners these basic needs are not being met. Before learners can learn these needs must be met. A lack of these needs can act as a barrier. To overcome some of these barriers it is important to be: †¢ Confident. †¢ Knowledgeable. †¢ Using appropriate language for the learner. †¢ Aware of your own body language. †¢ Checking learning has taken place regularly. †¢ Allowing time for information to be processed. †¢ Getting feedback from learners. Geoff Petty, (2004) in his book Teaching Today states that you need feedback from the learner to ensure information has not been misinterpreted. Through my research I have found that all of these areas are important when planning and enabling learning and that they all link together. How to cite Planning and Enabling Learning, Essay examples Planning and enabling learning Free Essays Rationale The following is research that I carried out Is relating to four mall points. The first being Negotiating with learners, when we first meet with a learner we conduct an Minimal assessment and a on line test for functional skills, this allows us to check on previous learning and any under planning knowledge they already have, thus allowing us to make sure the learning will be set at the right level for that particular learner. When we are sure we know this we can discuss with the learner what targets we are going to set them, this would Include goals and actions we want them to reach, we want the learner to achieve so would make the targets SMART so they are achievable to the leaner, in turn this would help to keep the learner motivated in the learning environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning and enabling learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having started with the internet I looked at various sites detailing the reasoning and methods of negotiating with learners in respect of initial assessments and agreeing goals and actions. During my research I found a site detailing how negotiating with learners has changed over time in regards to higher education. This can, however, be considered for other areas of education. The website (www. Hacked. AC. UK) looks at a publication by Mac McCarthy for ‘Higher Education for Capability. (Originally from Lack et al 1992) Within in this it is considered how learning contracts are used. McCarthy considers the factors affecting negotiating with learners and believes the ability to negotiate is affected by: * the established view of education within an organization the established view of how the organization operates * personal factors which influence the extent to which the teacher feels comfortable negotiating with learners * the demands of the course which defines the limits of what can be negotiated and to what extent. Inclusive learning Is the next subject for research one that I conducted a micro teach for, this Is a huge subject area that I will try to condense Into a few words. Delivery methods I consider these to be valid and Interesting points but wanted to discover more ethos of negotiation, I therefore looked towards the Learning Skills Council for further information regarding the starting point of initial assessment. Wanting to gather more information on methods and reasoning for initial assessment I discovered a useful publication from them (Initial assessment, Learning Skills council. They state that a good initial assessment must be done early on Planning and enabling learning By precociousness’s STALLS Assignment Unit 2 Jerry Tyler. The following is research that I carried out is relating to four main points. The first initial assessment and a on line test for functional skills, this allows us to check on previous learning and any under pinning knowledge they already have, thus allowing going to set them, this would include goals and actions we want them to reach, we what can be negotiated and to what extent. Inclusive learning is the next subject for research one that I conducted a micro teach for, this is a huge subject area that I will try to condense into a few words. Delivery methods I consider these to be valid and interesting points but wanted to discover more How to cite Planning and enabling learning, Papers

Bilingual Education 2 Essay Research Paper Bilingual free essay sample

Bilingual Education 2 Essay, Research Paper Bilingual Education in the northeasterly United States and Canada serves many advantages and benefits for pupils of limited English accomplishments. Since the early 60 s, it continues to function a great advantage to foreign pupils. This is of import because it gives these pupils the chance to accomplish the American Dream. American pedagogues have argued that the purpose of instruction should be to absorb a foreign pupil into the American mainstream, go good American citizens, and non maintain their cultural individuality. The advocates of bilingual instruction believe that this signifier of direction belittles a kid s cultural and cultural heritage, creates low self-esteem, and fosters a high dropout rate. Therefore, certain bilingual instruction attacks encourages pupils to keep their linguistic communication, cultural and cultural individuality, while at the same clip larning a new linguistic communication and civilization wholly. Bilingual Education provides direction for pupils in two linguistic communications. The primary end of bilingual instruction in the United States is to learn English to pupils who don t speak English or have limited English proficiency ( LEP ) . Although Florida and California have decided to make off with this educational attack, the contention sing bilingual instruction will neer stop. In this paper different bilingual instruction attacks will be defined and the history of Bilingual Education will be touched upon. The Proposition 227 contention and several positions towards bilingual instruction will be discussed. The concluding decision will demo my feelings toward bilingual instruction. There are many attacks that are used to teach LEP pupils. Transitional bilingual instruction ( TBE ) , which is presently incorporated in the NJ school systems, is geared to travel LEP pupils into monolingual categories within two or three old ages. Plans such as this instruct pupils in their native linguistic communication in the same academic degree as their monolingual equals. After appropriate English proficiency degree is achieved the LEP pupils are able to reassign accomplishments to work successfully in a monolingual category. At the same clip pupils are besides enrolled in categories that teach them English as a 2nd linguistic communication ( ESL ) ( CQ Researcher, 1996 ) . Bilingual advocates who prefer the developmental bilingual instruction ( DBE ) believe that the transitional attack defeats the whole intent of bilingual instruction, because it doesn t keep a pupil s native linguistic communication. The critics prefer DBE because it is designed to learn both the pupils native linguistic communication and English. Using this attack the pupil is able to heighten his or her accomplishments in their native linguistic communication and besides be able to larn English up until 6th class. The thought, they say, is to learn linear bilingualism, which makes pupils fluid in two linguistic communications while doing them more agile scholars ( CQ Researchers, 1996 ) . Harmonizing to the article, Teaching English to Non-English Speakers offers a Wide Range of Techniques in the CQ Researchers ( 1996 ) , the most sophisticated developmental attack is called two-way bilingual instruction. This attack mixes non-English speech production pupils with approximately an equal figure of English talkers in the same schoolroom. Students are taught in one linguistic communication in the forenoon and the other linguistic communication in the afternoon. This attack gears to do both sets of pupils bilingual at degrees of eloquence that allow each to progress in linguistic communication every bit good as in other topics. Such plans are rare, but where they exist, and where they have good trained bilingual instructors ( instructors fluent in both linguistic communications and who use synergistic or group-learning techniques ) , most research workers and perceivers say that pupils execute better at every energy degree of larning than their equals, no affair what sort of direction the non-two-way pupils receive ( CQ Researchers, 1996 ) . Submergence instruction is another sort of learning attack to bilingual instruction. In these categories, known as particular alternate instructional plans, the most popular being structured submergence pupils learn their 2nd linguistic communication from teachers who teach them capable affair presented in the new linguistic communication. While submergence is based on direction in the pupil s 2nd linguistic communication, it is non what they call sink-or-swim. Sink-or-swim is when the instructor offers no excess aid in larning the new linguistic communication. The United States Supreme Court, in Lau v. Nichols ( 1974 ) , declared that non offering excess aid was a misdemeanor of federal civil rights jurisprudence ( CQ Researchers, 1996 ) . The St.Lambert Gallic submergence plan was inaugurated in 1965 in Canada. It was designed to supply proficiency in both facets of the Gallic linguistic communication, to advance English proficiency, to guarantee an appropriate developmental degree of accomplishment in academic topics, and to hold the pupils understand and appreciate the Gallic Canadian without taking off from the pupils individuality for the English Canadian civilization. These ends were shared by most of the submergence plans in Canada ( cited in Paulston, 1988 ) . The concluding attack is called alternate submergence, besides known as sheltered English or sheltered subject-matter direction. In sheltered categories kids learn their 2nd linguistic communication foremost by analyzing topics. My aunt, Odainy Tansey, who teaches in a bilingual school in Passaic New Jersey, says that the school board is trying to present sheltered English into the schoolroom. She stated that sheltered English is non traveling to be a good attack in presenting a new linguistic communication to foreign pupils. The linguistic communication larning state of affairs contains the necessary ingredients for second-language acquisition. There are three major constituents: ( 1 ) scholars that realize that they need that mark linguistic communication ( TL ) and are motivated to do that move to larn English ; ( 2 ) teachers who know the pitch get linguistic communication good plenty to supply the acquisition tools needed to be able to larn English ; and ( 3 ) a acquisition environment that allows both the pupils and the teachers together to be able to set the acquisition procedure to work. All three constituents are important in the learning procedure of a linguistic communication. Although there are many different attacks, these three major stairss are of import. The three larning procedures can be described as ( 1 ) societal, ( 2 ) linguistic, and ( 3 ) cognitive ( cited by Bialystok, 1991, 52 ) . There are many inquiries refering bilingual surveies. For those whose households speak merely Spanish, it provides an inconsistent and non awfully successful procedure of redress ( Kozol, 1985 ) . For many of the most successful English-speaking pupils, on the other manus, foreign linguistic communication survey is a mark of excellence, distinction, and academic promise. The jurisprudence declares that categories conducted entirely in English are unequal for the instruction of kids whose native lingua is another linguistic communication and that bilingual instruction plans are necessary to guarantee equal educational chance to every kid ( Pialorsi, 1974 ) . Massachusetts became the first province to necessitate and supply bilingual plans for kids whose first linguistic communication is non English. Soon after New York, California, Illinois, and Texas had Torahs allowing local school territories to supply bilingual instruction ( Pialorsi, 1974 ) . Although bilingual instruction still does be in many provinces. Florida has wholly done away with it, and California is in the procedure of besides acquiring rid of bilingual instruction. The ballot enterprise, Proposition 227, will shortly stop bilingual instruction in California public schools. Bilingual instruction was to the full designed to affect immigrant parents in the instruction of their childs or to run into the demands of a sudden inflow of refugees. Under this new ballot, kids will have no more than one twelvemonth in English direction of what is called sheltered English. Though the sheltered method is untested as a agency of traveling big Numberss of childs into the mainstream classes, it is now the jurisprudence ( The New Republic, 1998 ) . Proposition 227 was written by Ron Unz, a Republican multimillionaire from Silicon Valley, he got the thought from a group of Mexican-American parents. Most of the parents thought that the bilingual instruction system was keeping their kids back. Pollss taken earlier Tuesday s election indicated that anyplace between 30 and 60 per centum of Latino electors on California approved of the step ( The New Republic, 1998 ) . Latinos agreed with this ballot as opposed to Proposition 187, where they took it as a signifier of immigrant bashing. In a monograph published by the New Jersey Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages-Bilingual Education ( NJTESOL-BE ) , Professor Collier portions some of her less publicised penetrations. We must promote language-minority parents to talk the first linguistic communication at place, non to talk English # 8230 ; to deny a kid the lone means of pass oning with his parents # 8230 ; is equivalent to physical force to that pupil ( Amselle, 1996 ) . Bilingual Education can be a rewarding experience if instructed by the right people in the right mode. Sheltered English seems to be a awful manner to present English to a non-English talker. The pupil will non be able to larn the linguistic communication right and will non be able to acquire their right ideas across. Learning merely pieces of a linguistic communication is non good plenty. That is merely like traveling to a state that does non talk English as a first linguistic communication with merely one twelvemonth of pattern in that linguistic communication. It will be hard to inquire where the bathroom is let entirely take a trial in that linguistic communication. The lone manner for Bilingual Education to work is if they use the bipartisan bilingual instruction. This attack will let both non-English speech production and English speech production pupils to larn each others linguistic communication. This attack will non do either student feel inferior to one another. Bilingual Education in the northeasterly United States and Canada serves many advantages and benefits for pupils of limited English accomplishments. The plan has many good points and positive results that out weight the negative results. Most of the pupils result in success. Every kid has their ain manner of acquisition and no affair what you are learning at that place will ever be one or two pupils that need particular attending. Alternatively of making off with the Bilingual Education plan, they should plan it so that it is full cogent evidence for the most portion. The United States of America is considered the runing pot. There are so many different civilizations and linguistic communications. There are people who are willing to set in excess attempt and aid in doing the Bilingual Education attack a successful one, and that is what should be put into position. Mentions Amselle, Jorge. ( 1996, September, 30 ) . Ingles, Si! . National Review. [ Cadmium ROM ] , Volume 48 ( 18 ) , 2 pages, Available: Magazine Express. Anonymous. ( 1998, June, 22 ) . Tongue Twister. The New Republic. [ Cadmium ROM ] , Volume 218 ( 25 ) , 2 pages, Available: Magazine Express Anonymous. ( 1996, January, 19 ) . Teaching English to Non-English Speakers. CQ Researchers. [ Cadmium ROM ] , Volume 6 ( 3 ) , 2 pages, Available: Magazine Express Bialystok, Ellen. ( 1991 ) . Language Processing in Bilingual Children. New York: Cambridge University Press Kozol, Jonathan. ( 1985 ) . Illiterate America. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday Paulston, Christina Bratt. ( 1988 ) . International Handbook of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press Pialorsi, Frank. ( 1974 ) . Teaching the Bilingual. Tuscon, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press Forests, Sandra L. ( 1983 ) . Positions in Immigrant and Minority. New York: University Press of America